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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 51(1)feb. 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550798

ABSTRACT

The consumption of vegetable oils is common in our daily diet. Rapeseed oil (canola oil) is the third most consumed edible oil in the world, followed by palm and soybean oils in terms of production. Rapeseed oil has a low proportion of saturated fatty acids, while it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, as well as in healthy compounds such as phenols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins. However, processing technologies affect the content and functional activities of bioactive compounds in the oil. Aim: To assess any potential effect of hot or cold pressing and a refining process on the nutritional value and the profile of several bioactive compounds in canola oils produced in Chile. Methods: Canola oils were characterized regarding their fatty acid profile, phytosterol and tocopherol composition, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity, according to the mode of extraction (cold or hot pressed) and before and after bWeing subjected to a refining process. Results: Fatty acid profiles were not significantly different in any of the analyzed canola oils. Refining but not temperature extraction led to a sharp decrease of phytosterols and tocopherols. Hot pressing significantly increased the amount of total phenols (3.1 times) and the antioxidant activity measured by ORAC (3.1 times) and DPPH (8.3 times) compared to the cold extraction. However, phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity decreased after refining. Conclusions: Refining processes should be adjusted to reduce the loss of bioactive compounds in the oil.


El consumo de aceites vegetales es habitual en nuestra dieta diaria. El aceite de colza (aceite de canola) es el tercer aceite comestible más consumido en el mundo, seguido por los aceites de palma y soja en términos de producción. El aceite de colza tiene una baja proporción de ácidos grasos saturados, mientras que es rico en ácidos grasos insaturados, así como en compuestos liposolubles saludables como fenoles, tocoferoles, fitoesteroles, carotenoides y vitaminas. Sin embargo, las tecnologías de procesamiento afectan el contenido y las actividades funcionales de los compuestos bioactivos en el aceite. Objetivo: Evaluar cualquier efecto potencial del prensado en caliente o en frío y un proceso de refinación sobre el valor nutricional y el perfil de varios compuestos bioactivos en los aceites de canola producidos en Chile. Métodos: Los aceites de canola se caracterizaron en cuanto a su perfil de ácidos grasos, composición de fitoesteroles y tocoferoles, contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante, según el modo de extracción (prensado en frío o en caliente) y antes y después de ser sometidos a un proceso de refinación. Resultados: Los perfiles de ácidos grasos no fueron significativamente diferentes en ninguno de los aceites de canola analizados. La refinación, pero no la extracción en caliente, condujo a una fuerte disminución de los fitoesteroles y tocoferoles. El prensado en caliente aumentó significativamente la cantidad de fenoles totales (3,1 veces) y la actividad antioxidante medida por ORAC (3,1 veces) y DPPH (8,3 veces) en comparación con la extracción en frío. Sin embargo, la concentración de fenoles y la capacidad antioxidante disminuyeron después del refinado. Conclusión: Los procesos de refinación deben ajustarse para reducir la pérdida de compuestos bioactivos en el aceite.

2.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 37(2): 43-48, dic. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428356

ABSTRACT

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, compatible with life. It may be asymptomatic and usually incidentally diagnosed. In symptomatic cases, the clinical manifestations vary from abdominal pain, pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus to exocrine insufficiency with steatorrhea. We present a case report of a 28 year old female with ADP, diagnosed incidentally during radiological evaluation for hyperglycemias in SARS COV2 concomitant affection. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the absence of, neck, body and tail of the pancreas. Knowing the pancreatic embryogenesis, the clinical presentation of their malformations and the main radiological characteristics is important for the proper diagnosis of these anomalies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pancreas/abnormalities , Pancreas/diagnostic imaging , Congenital Abnormalities , Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications , Pancreas/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Pancreatitis, Chronic/diagnosis
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407836

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La chía (Salvia hispanica L.) es una semilla originaria de la zona sur de México y Guatemala, que se ha expandido a otros países de latinoamérica. Esta semilla ha sido utilizada con diferentes fines a lo largo de la historia, donde se destaca como producto alimentario debido a su gran versatilidad, ya que puede ser utilizada como semilla, harina integral, fracciones de fibra y/o proteína y aceite. En la actualidad, la investigación de nuevas fuentes alimentarias que otorguen beneficios a la salud ha logrado recopilar información sobre la composición química y valor nutricional de esta semilla y sus derivados (harina y aceite), donde se encuentra principalmente el contenido de ácidos grasos poli-insaturados n-3, destacando el ácido alfa linolénico (C18:3n-3, ALA), que se propone como fuente alternativa de este nutriente a alimentos de otros orígenes, además el contenido de fibra de la chía, principalmente fibra insoluble. En cuanto a los beneficios que se asocian al consumo de chía, se ha visto que tiene estrecha relación con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como dislipidemia, diabetes, hipertensión, cáncer, entre otras, logrando captar la atención de investigadores para controlar y prevenir estas patologías que van en aumento en la población mundial. Por lo tanto, se hace relevante profundizar en los conocimientos disponibles sobre esta semilla y sus subproductos para poder establecer los posibles mecanismos moleculares que están involucrados en la generación de beneficios para la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una actualización de los beneficios asociados al consumo de semilla de chía y sus derivados.


ABSTRACT Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a seed native to the southern part of Mexico and Guatemala, which has spread to other Latin American countries. This seed has been used for different purposes throughout history, where it stands out as a food product due to its great versatility, since it can be used as a seed, whole meal flour, fiber and/or protein fractions and oil. Currently, the investigation of new food sources that provide health benefits has managed to collect information on the chemical composition and nutritional value of this seed and its derivatives (flour and oil). For polyunsaturated fatty acid content, n-3 is found, highlighting alpha linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA), which is proposed as an alternative source of this nutrient to foods of other origins. In addition, the fiber content of chia, is mainly insoluble fiber. Regarding the benefits associated with chia consumption, it is closely related to chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, type II, hypertension, cancer, among others, managing to attract the attention of researchers to control and prevent these pathologies that are increasing in world population. Therefore, it is relevant to deepen the knowledge available about this seed and its by-products in order to establish the possible molecular mechanisms that are involved in generating health benefits. The objective of this review is to present an update on the benefits associated with consumption of chia seed and its derivatives.

4.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(4)ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449873

ABSTRACT

Las plantas medicinales se han utilizado tradicionalmente en la medicina popular debido a sus reconocidos efectos curativos naturales. Se estima que alrededor de dos tercios de la población mundial utilizan la medicina tradicional para sus necesidades médicas primarias. La albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) es uno de los principales cultivos herbáceos del mundo que ha mostrado componentes que pueden ser beneficiosos para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, trastornos inflamatorios y disminución del riesgo de cáncer. Este artículo presenta una revisión acerca de la planta y semillas de albahaca desde el 2010 a la fecha, con el objetivo de identificar la composición química (macronutrientes-proteínas, lípidos, carbohidratos; compuestos volátiles y polifenoles) y sus beneficios para la salud en función de la evidencia en humanos, modelo in vivo e in vitro. La literatura reciente muestra que las hojas y semillas de albahaca son una buena fuente de ácidos grasos α-linolénico, aceite y polifenoles con propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias que afectaría de forma favorable en la salud, restaurando la homeostasis en diversas patologías. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se han dilucidado por completo los mecanismos moleculares involucrados.


Medicinal plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine for their natural healing effects. It is estimated that around two-thirds of the world's population uses traditional medicine for their primary medical needs. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the main herbal crops in the world that has shown components that can be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and decreased risk of cancer. This article presents a review of the state of the art about the basil plant and seeds from 2010 to date, with the aim of identifying the chemical composition (macronutrients-proteins, lipids, carbohydrates; volatile compounds and polyphenols) and its benefits on health based on evidence in humans, in vivo and in vitro models. Recent literature shows that basil leaves and seeds are a good source of α-linolenic fatty acids, essential oils and polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that would have a favorable impact on health, restoring homeostasis in various pathologies. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.

5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(1)feb. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388590

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, y puede ir desde la esteatosis simple hasta hepatocarcinoma. Su origen es multifactorial, siendo la dieta poco saludable un factor clave en su patogenia y progresión. Los polifenoles son antioxidantes que han mostrado beneficios en el tratamiento de la EHGNA. Una fuente emergente de estos compuestos son los residuos agroindustriales, entre ellos, la cáscara de granada. La cáscara de granada tiene un alto contenido de polifenoles, específicamente de elagitaninos. Su extracto fenólico (extracto de cáscara de granada; ECG) ha mostrado efectos promisorios a nivel metabólico. Sin embargo, su uso presenta algunas limitantes que deben ser consideradas antes de recomendar su ingesta mediante alimentos funcionales o nutracéuticos para prevención o tratamiento de EHGNA. Objetivo: Discutir a partir de datos obtenidos en estudios in vitro y modelos animales, el potencial terapéutico de los polifenoles obtenidos de la cáscara de granada para prevención y tratamiento de la EHGNA. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science (2015 a la fecha) de estudios en modelos de esteatosis hepática in vitro y en animales, además de ensayos clínicos relacionados. Conclusión: Existen datos promisorios sobre el uso del ECG en alteraciones metabólicas propias de la EHGNA y esteatosis hepática, principalmente a nivel de perfil lipídico. Se deben discutir las dosis y formas de administración, con el fin de mejorar su estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. Se requieren ensayos clínicos controlados que confirmen los efectos en humanos.


ABSTRACT Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence worldwide and can range from simple steatosis to hepatocarcinoma. Its causes are multifactorial, with an unhealthy diet being a key factor in its pathogenesis and progression. Polyphenols are antioxidants that have shown benefits in treating NAFLD. An emerging source of these compounds is agro-industrial by-products, including pomegranate peels. Pomegranate peels are high in polyphenols, specifically ellagitannins. Its polyphenolic extract (PPE) has shown promising metabolic benefits. However, its use has some limitations that must be considered before recommending its intake through functional foods or nutraceuticals to prevent or treat NAFLD. Objective: This article aims to discuss, using results from in vitro studies and animal models, the therapeutic potential of polyphenols obtained from pomegranate peels to prevent and treat NAFLD. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases (2015 to date) of in vitro and animal model studies of hepatic steatosis, in addition to related clinical trials. Conclusion: There are promising data on the use of PPE in metabolic disorders typical of NAFLD and hepatic steatosis, mainly improving lipid profile. Doses and vehicles of administration should be discussed to improve stability and bioavailability. Controlled clinical trials are required to confirm the effects in humans.

6.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(6)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388551

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Obesidad y sobrepeso se asocian a resistencia a la insulina, diabetes tipo 2, perfil lipídico anormal, presión sanguínea elevada, enfermedad cardiovascular. Se estima que en 2016 el 39% de la población adulta mundial tenía sobrepeso, y el 13% obesidad. Si bien se recomienda consumir leche o lácteos por el aporte de nutrientes, especialmente calcio y proteínas de alto valor biológico, el consumo de estos alimentos ha sido cuestionado por su potencial relación con la ganancia de peso debido al aporte energético de la grasa láctea. Al respecto, el objetivo de esta revisión es presentar la evidencia reciente sobre la relación entre el consumo de lácteos, sobrepeso u obesidad en la población. Se realizó una revisión en PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus, entre 2016 y 2020, sobre la asociación entre el consumo de leche y sus derivados, y sobrepeso u obesidad en niños y/o adultos sanos. Se excluyeron estudios sobre fórmulas lácteas o donde la leche y lácteos no fueran la principal exposición. Se identificaron 17 estudios (12 originales, 5 revisiones y 3 meta-análisis). De ellos, 12 estudios encontraron una asociación inversa entre consumo de lácteos y sobrepeso u obesidad y 4 estudios reportaron una asociación principalmente neutra. Solo 1 estudio reportó asociaciones positivas en relación con el consumo de algunos lácteos específicos. La evidencia reciente, basada principalmente en meta-análisis de estudios observacionales, demuestra que existe una asociación inversa o neutra entre el consumo de leche y lácteos, y el riesgo de sobrepeso u obesidad en niños y adultos.


ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, an abnormal lipid profile, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that, in 2016, 39% of the world's adult population was overweight, and 13% obese. Although it is recommended to consume milk or dairy products due to the contribution of nutrients, especially calcium and proteins, of high biological value, the consumption of these foods has been questioned due to their potential relationship with weight gain due to the energy contribution of milk fat. In this regard, the objective of this review is to present recent evidence on the relationship between dairy consumption and overweight or obesity in the population. A review was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, of papers published between 2016 and 2020, on the association between the consumption of cow's milk and its derivatives, and overweight or obesity in healthy children and/or adults. Studies on milk formulas or where milk and dairy are not the main exposure were excluded. Seventeen studies were identified: 12 original, 5 reviews, 3 meta-analysis. Twelve studies found an inverse association between dairy consumption and being overweight or obese, and 4 studies reported a mainly neutral association. Only one study reported positive associations in relation to some specific dairy products. Recent scientific evidence based mainly on meta-analysis of observational studies, shows that there is an inverse or neutral association between the consumption of milk and dairy products and the risk of being overweight or obese, both in children and in adults.

7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(11)nov. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389385

ABSTRACT

Background: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPN) are chronic hematological disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more mature myeloid blood cell lineages. Classical Ph-MPN are polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Aim: To assess the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Ph-MPN in Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of all patients referred as MPN from 2012 to 2017. Patients with (9;21) translocation were excluded. Results: Data of 462 cases with a median age of 69 years from 10 public hospitals was reviewed. ET was the most frequently Ph-MNP found. The incidence of Ph-MPN was 1.5 x 100.000 cases. The JAK2 V617F mutation study was performed in 96% of patients and only 30% had a bone marrow biopsy. Thrombotic events were observed in 29% of patients. Bleeding events were observed in 7%. Five-year overall survival was 87%. Conclusions: ET is the most frequent Ph-MPN. The mean incidence was lower than reported in the literature, in part because of a sub diagnosis.

8.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 45(2): 153-162, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959474

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos han reportado múltiples beneficios a partir de la ingesta de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga n-3 (AGPI-CL n-3) EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico) y DHA (ácido docosahexaenoico), sin embargo, la sobreexplotación de los recursos marinos limita su disponibilidad actual y futura. El ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA) es precursor metabólico de AGPI-CL n-3, por tanto su consumo es una alternativa a considerarse. No obstante, la conversión de ALA hacia EPA y DHA no es eficiente. Por otra parte, antioxidantes como los flavonoides incrementan la concentración sérica y tisular de AGPI-CL n-3, aunque los mecanismos subyacentes no están completamente dilucidados. Se explora la acción de los AGPI y flavonoides sobre el metabolismo de los AGPI-CL n-3, al modular factores de transcripción como los proliferadores de peroxisomas alfa (PPAR-α), la proteína de unión a los elementos regulatorios de esteroles (SREBP-1) y la expresión génica de las enzimas ácido graso desaturasas delta 5 (Δ5) y delta 6 (Δ6). También se recogen otras hipótesis que explicarían el incremento de AGPI n-3, como la acción antioxidante ejercida por los flavonoides y sus metabolitos.


ABSTRACT Epidemiological and clinical studies have reported multiple benefits from the intake of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids n-3 (LC-PUFA n-3), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid); however, overexploitation of marine sources limits current and future availability. The alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a metabolic precursor of PUFAs n-3-LC, therefore its consumption is an alternative to be considered. However, the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is not efficient. On other hand, antioxidants such as flavonoids increase serum and tissue concentration of PUFA LC n-3, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The effect of PUFAs and flavonoids on metabolism PUFAs n-3 LC. to modulate transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferators alpha receptor (PPAR-α), the sterol regulatory element-binding protein, (SREBP 1) and genic expression of fatty acid desaturase enzymes delta 5 (Δ5) and delta 6 (Δ6) was explored. Other hypotheses that could explain the increase of n-3 PUFAs were also included such as antioxidant action, exerted by flavonoids and their metabolites.


Subject(s)
Humans , Flavonoids , Diet , Fatty Acids , Antioxidants , Metabolism
9.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 45(1): 80-88, 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899858

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El estudio focalizado en dilucidar el rol neuroprotector del ARA y del DHA a lo largo del ciclo vital ha cobrado cada vez más interés puesto que se continúan descubriendo mecanismos mediante los cuales estos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGPICL) modulan el metabolismo. Tanto el ARA como el DHA se encuentran depositados en los lípidos de las membranas de las células que forman la materia gris y representan aproximadamente el 25% del contenido total de ácidos grasos cerebrales. El ARA y el DHA tienen efectos sobre el crecimiento y la diferenciación neuronal a través de la modulación de las propiedades físicas de la membrana, de la transducción de señales asociada a proteínas G y la modulación de la expresión génica, adquiriendo un rol relevante en la neuro-génesis y el desarrollo cerebral. Además, se les atribuye un rol neuroprotector en patologías neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la enfermedad de Parkinson, pudiendo disminuir la disfunción mitocondrial, la neuro-inflamación y el estrés oxidativo, expresiones características de estas patologías. La presente revisión analiza y discute acerca del rol del ARA y del DHA en la neuro-protección y en la neurodegeneración a través de una visión integradora.


ABSTRACT The study focused on elucidating the neuro-protective effects of ARA and DHA throughout the life cycle has become of increasingly interest since the continue discovering of mechanisms by which these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) modulate the metabolism. Both ARA and DHA are deposited into the membrane lipids of the cells that form the gray matter of the brain and represent approximately 25% of the total content of cerebral fatty acids. ARA and DHA have effects on the growth and neuronal differentiation through the modulation of the physical properties of the membrane, the signal transduction associated to G proteins and by the modulation of gene expression, acquiring a relevant role in neurogenesis and brain development. In addition, it is attributed to these fatty acids a neuro-protective role in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease by decreasing the mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, characteristic of these pathologies. This review analyzes and discusses the role of ARA and DHA in neuro-protection and neuro-degeneration through an integrative vision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Parkinson Disease , Docosahexaenoic Acids , Arachidonic Acid , Alzheimer Disease , Neurons , Neurodegenerative Diseases
10.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(1): 22-31, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905726

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Entre el 50 por ciento a 10 por ciento de los pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLP) presentará sepsis. Las estrategias de prevención de complicaciones infecciosas actuales, se basan en la información entregada por los cultivos de orina preoperatorios. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los perfiles microbiológicos entre los cultivos de orina tradicionales preoperatorios, con cultivos del microambiente del cálculo renal (orina de pelvis renal y del cálculo) de pacientes sometidos a NLP.(AU)


Introduction. Between 50 pertcent to 10 pertcent of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) will present sepsis. Current strategies for preventing infectious complications are based on the information provided by preoperative urine cultures. The aim of this study is to compare the microbiological profiles from traditional preoperative urine cultures with cultures from renal microenvironment (renal pelvis urine and kidney stone) of patients undergoing PCNL. Material y Methods. International multicenter prospective clinical trial. The study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2014 in three teaching hospitals, two from Chile and one from Argentina. All patients undergoing PCNL during that period were included. In a prospective fashion, preoperative urine culture, microbiological study of extracted urinary stones and cultures from renal pelvis urine were requested. In each hospital, data regarding patients was submitted through an online questionnaire: Age, sex, comorbidities, type of stone (staghorn or not), size of the stone, isolated bacteria, resistance profile and postoperative infectious complications were filled.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous , Sepsis
11.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 43(4): 416-419, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844495

ABSTRACT

The relationship of cholesterol to atherogenesis already fulfilled one hundred years. The merit of this important discovery is attributed to a Russian military doctor, Nikolai Anichkov, who using rabbits as experimental model, was able to show the accumulation of "lipoids" when he fed animals with a diet rich in cholesterol. His experimental observations were criticized by many researchers, since he used an animal that is not carnivorous, so it was an inappropriate model. Anichkov published very few scientific articles, and all of them in Russian language. Only in 1933 he could make public his work to the Western world by publishing a review on his scientific work in English. Was only in 1984 when the scientific community recognized the merit of his research, which was pioneer in the understanding that we have today about the relationship of artherogenesis and cholesterol.


La relación del colesterol con la aterogénesis ya cumplió cien años. El mérito de este importante descubrimiento lo tiene un médico militar ruso Nikolai Anichkov, quien utilizando conejos como modelo experimental, pudo demostrar la acumulación de "lipoides" cuando los alimentaba con una dieta rica en colesterol. Sus observaciones fueron criticadas por numerosos investigadores ya que utilizaba un animal que no es carnívoro, por lo cual era un modelo inadecuado. Anichkov publicó muy pocos trabajos científicos y todos ellos en idioma ruso. Solo en 1933 pudo hacer público su trabajo al mundo occidental al publicar en inglés una revisión sobre su trabajo científico. Tardíamente, en 1984, se reconoció por parte de la comunidad científica el mérito de su investigación, la que fue pionera en la comprensión que tenemos hoy día sobre la enfermedad arterioesclerótica y el colesterol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research/history , Cholesterol , Atherosclerosis
12.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 42(3): 297-300, set. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-764060

ABSTRACT

Healthy benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA) are widely known. They are available in food from marine origin, being fish the main dietary supplier. However, taking into account the international dietary guidelines, fish consumption is very low in Chile and other countries. For this reason, food industry is recently focusing on stearidonic acid (18:4, SDA), a C18-omega-3 fatty acid available in the oil extracted from certain plant species, and that acts as an EPA and DHA precursor in the human metabolism. Metabolic conversion rate of SDA into EPA is much higher than that of -linolenic acid (18:3, ALA), which is the main omega-3 fatty acid in terrestrial plant sources. SDA supplementation provides several beneficial effects for human health according to the evidence. This paper describes such effects and the potential of some wild plants as SDA supplier.


Los beneficios para la salud de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 eicosapentaenoico (20:5,EPA) y docosahexaenoico (22:6, DHA) son ampliamente conocidos y están disponibles principalmente en alimentos de origen marino como el pescado. Sin embargo, en función de las recomendaciones internacionales acerca del consumo de pescado, éste es muy reducido en muchos países, incluido Chile. Por ello, la industria de alimentos está mostrando un interés creciente por el ácido estearidónico (18:4, SDA), un ácido graso omega-3 de 18 carbonos presente en los aceites de semilla de ciertas especies vegetales y que actúa como precursor del EPA y DHA en el metabolismo humano. La tasa de conversión de SDA en EPA resulta ser mucho más elevada que la del ácido α-linolénico (18:3, ALA), que es el principal ácido graso omega-3 en fuentes vegetales terrestres. La suplementación con SDA aporta una variedad de efectos beneficiosos para la salud humana según los estudios realizados. En el presente artículo se discuten algunos efectos en la salud derivados del SDA y la potencialidad de algunas plantas de origen silvestre para convertirse en aportadoras de SDA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Plants , Seeds , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Health , Impacts of Polution on Health
13.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 41(2): 198-204, June 2014. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-722915

ABSTRACT

The increase of economic development and life expectancy of humans has aroused concerns about the health and nutrition in important groups of the population. These modifications have stimulated the development of functional foods (FF), nutraceuticals (NT) and FOSHU (Food with Specific Health Uses) in many countries around the world, mainly in those of greater development. FF are foods to which one or more healthy component has been added without changing its characteristics. The definition of FF is now incorporated into the food normative of many countries. NT is a more complex concept, because it is not referred to a food but to components of a food that can be ingested in amounts greater than those frequently consumed. NT are not pharmaceuticals since they have no therapeutic action although they may have preventive properties. FOSHU is a concept of foods with exclusive medical actions developed in Japan. This review discusses the significance of these new food concepts establishing their origins, potentialities, differences and future projections of these types of foods or food components.


El mayor desarrollo económico y las mayores expectativas de vida de la población, motivan una mayor preocupación por la salud y la alimentación a importantes grupos de la población. Estos cambios han motivado el desarrollo de los llamados alimentos funcionales (AF) y de los nutracéuticos (NT) y de los FOSHU (Food with Specific Health Uses) en varios países del mundo, principalmente en aquellos de mayor desarrollo económico. AF y NT son conceptos diferentes. Los AF son alimentos a los cuales se les ha incrementado o incorporado un componente cuyo consumo representa un beneficio de salud establecido, sin que el producto deje de ser un alimento. La definición de AF está ahora incorporada en la normativa alimentaria de varios países. NT es un concepto más complejo, ya que no se trata de alimentos pero sí de componentes de estos que se pueden consumir en mayores concentraciones que las habituales. Tampoco son medicamentos ya que no se les atribuye propiedades terapéuticas pero sí potencialmente preventivas. FOSHU es un concepto de alimentación con fines medicinales exclusivo de Japón. Este trabajo revisa el significado de estos nuevos conceptos alimentarios estableciendo sus orígenes, potencialidades, diferencias y las futuras proyecciones de este tipo de alimentos o componentes alimentarios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health , Dietary Supplements , Functional Food , Diet, Healthy
14.
Biol. Res ; 45(3): 297-305, 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659287

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide. Chemotherapy response is very poor and resistance to hormone-based treatments is frequent in advances stages. Recently, tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in several cancers, including PCa. These cells are thought to be responsible for therapy resistance, relapse and metastasis. In the present work, enriched populations of CSCs were obtained using a mixed procedure that included differential clone-forming ability, sphere growing induction (prostatospheres) and magnetic-associated cell sorting (MACS). Also, stem marker expression was determined in PCa biopsies of different histological grades and metastasis samples. The signature for stem markers of the isolated CSCs was CD133+/CD44+/ABCG2+/ CD24-. Expression of stem markers (CD133, CD44, and ABCG2) was higher in medium Gleason biopsies than in lower and higher grades, and lymph-node and bone metastasis samples. These results suggest that the CSCs in PCa reach an important number in medium Gleason grades, when the tumor is still confined into the gland. At this stage, the surgical treatment is usually with curative intention. However, an important percentage of patients relapse after treatment. Number and signature of CSCs may be a prognosis factor for PCa recurrence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antigens, CD/analysis , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Biopsy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Cell Separation , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Stem Cell Assay , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
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